S'attaquer aux défis de l'adhésion aux principes de la saine alimentation.

MESSAGE À RETENIR: Cette programmation de recherche a mené au développement et à la validation d'outils de mesure qui nous ont permis d'étudier les facteurs favorisant l'adhésion aux principes de la saine alimentation.

[Sex therapy and support for women and couples]. / Sexothérapie et accompagnement de la femme et du couple.

Sexuality is shaped by experience and by what has been passed down. Body image and sex influence desire and pleasure. In the case of endometriosis, suffering and pain can lead to shame and guilt. Encouraging people to talk to each other helps to create a free eroticism that resembles the couple.

[Advocacy for food and wine in palliative care]. / Plaidoyer pour la nourriture et le vin en soins palliatifs.

In the palliative care unit, the care and treatment provided are aimed at optimizing the quality of life and not the quantity of life. Food is adjusted to the patient's condition and is primarily oriented towards pleasure food.

Uma poética do desligamento: a contemporaneidade de Além do princípio do prazer / A poetics of disconnection: the contemporaneity of Beyond the pleasure principle / Una poética de la desconexión: la contemporaneidad de Más allá del principio del placer / Une poétique de la déconnexion: la contemporanéité de Au-delà du principe du plaisir

Em uma articulação entre psicanálise e arte, este trabalho toma a obra de Pedro Moraleida (1977-1999) como objeto transubjetivo que evoca a contemporaneidade do texto freudiano Além do princípio do prazer. A presença de imagens menos integradoras e de críticas desconstrutivas na obra mostra as forças de Tânatos, ainda que ligadas pela plasticidade. A participação do desligamento pulsional na sublimação é destacada não apenas na obra como também no reconhecimento da desfusão pulsional e de uma toxidez que pode interromper tanto o processo criativo quanto a vida do artista. Está presente a proposição de que a arte vasculha profundezas e convive com fortes intensidades pulsionais, mas ainda assim é capaz de fazer o sujeito sobreviver em objetos transnarcísicos.

This work, in an articulation between psychoanalysis and art, takes Pedro Moraleida's work (1977-1999) as a transubjective object that evokes the contemporaneity of Freud's Beyond the pleasure principle (1920). The presence, in the work, of less integrating images and of deconstructive criticisms, show the strengths of Tanatos even though linked by plasticity. The participation of drive disconnection in sublimation is highlighted in the artist's work as well as in the recognition both of drive diffusion and of a toxicity that can interrupt not only the creative process as well as the artist's life. In spite of this, one proposes that art searches depths and coexists with strong instinctive intensities, but is still capable of allowing the subject's survival in trans narcissistic objects.

El presente trabajo, en una articulación entre el psicoanálisis y el arte, toma el trabajo de Pedro Moraleida (1977-1999) como un objeto transubjetivo que evoca la contemporaneidad del texto freudiano Más allá del principio del placer (1920). La presencia de imágenes menos integradoras y críticas deconstructivas en el trabajo muestran las fuerzas de Tanatos aún cuando unidas por la plasticidad. La participación de la desconexión pulsional en la sublimación se destaca tanto en la obra como también en el reconocimiento de la disfunción pulsional y de una toxicidad que puede interrumpir no solo el proceso creativo sino también la vida del artista. A pesar de esto, está presente la proposición de que el arte busca las profundidades y coexiste con intensas intensidades pulsionales, pero que también es capaz de hacer que el sujeto sobreviva en objetos transnarcisistas.

Ce travail, dans une articulation entre la psychanalyse et l'art, prend l'œuvre de Pedro Moraleida (1977-1999) comme un objet transsubjectif qui évoque la contemporanéité du texte freudien Au-delà du principe du plaisir (1920). La présence d'images moins intégratrices et de critiques destructives dans l'œuvre montre les forces de Tanatos, même si liées par la plasticité. La participation de la déconnexion pulsionnelle à la sublimation est mise en évidence pas seulement dans l'œuvre, mais également dans la reconnaissance de la défusion pulsionnelle - désintrication - et d'une toxicité qui peut interrompre soit le processus créatif, soit aussi la vie de l'artiste. Malgré tout cela, on propose que l'art explore les profondeurs et coexiste avec de fortes intensités pulsionnelles, mais qui est tout de même capable de faire le sujet survivre dans des objets transnarcissiques.

Contribuições de Ferenczi, Balint e Winnicott à questão do prazer / Contributions from Ferenczi, Balint and Winnicott on the pleasure issue / Contribuciones de Ferenczi, Balint y Winnicott a la cuestión del placer / La contribution de Ferenczi, de Balint et de Winnicott à la question du plaisir

Neste artigo a autora se propõe a examinar o desenvolvimento do conceito de prazer a partir do trabalho de Ferenczi, Balint e Winnicott. Com base em pontos-chave tratados por cada um dos autores, busca estudar uma modalidade de prazer que, diferente do proposto pela psicanálise clássica, não se encontra necessariamente referida a uma economia psíquica ou à ideia de descarga.

In this article the author proposes a study on the development of the concept of pleasure from the work of Ferenczi, Balint and Winnicott. Based on key points worked by each of the authors, she seeks to study a pleasure category that, different from that proposed by classical psychoanalysis, is not necessarily related to a psychic economy or the idea of discharge.

En este artículo la autora propone examinar el desarrollo del concepto de placer a partir del trabajo de Ferenczi, Balint y Winnicott. Desde puntos clave trabajados por cada uno de los autores, busca estudiar una modalidad de placer que, a diferencia de la propuesta por el psicoanálisis clásico, no esté necesariamente relacionada con una economía psíquica o la idea de descarga.

Dans cet article, l'auteur propose d'examiner le développement du concept de plaisir à partir des travaux de Ferenczi, Balint et Winnicott. Du point de vue des éléments clés travaillés par chacun des auteurs, nous cherchons à étudier une modalité de plaisir qui - différemment de celle proposée par la psychanalyse classique - n'est pas nécessairement liée à une économie psychique ou à l'idée de décharge.

Feminino pela experiência do enigma da vagina / The Feminine by the experience of the enigma of the vagina / Femenino por la experiencia del enigma de la vagina / Le féminin par l'expérience de l'énigme du vagin

RESUMO O autor aborda o feminino como substantivo neutro, correspondendo ao estádio da vida mental do recém-nascido. Conceitua os termos feminino, feminina, feminilidade, mulher e mãe com especificidades diferenciadas, elaborando conceito próprio em torno do que denominou enigma da vagina. Segundo a observação, a aquisição cognitiva proporcionada pelo meio empático-cuidador moldaria a mente da menina em uma fonte imaginativa de crenças oriundas do enigma da vagina em teorias próprias. Também repensa o complexo de castração da menina.

ABSTRACT The author approaches the feminine as a neutral noun, corresponding to the stage of the newborn's mental life. He conceptualizes the terms feminine, femininity, woman and mother with different specificities. He elaborates his own concept around what he called the enigma of the vagina. Cognitive acquisition provided by the empathic-caregiver, would mold the girl's mind into an imaginative source of beliefs arising from the enigma of the vagina in her own theories. The girl's castration complex is rethought.

RESUMEN El autor desarrolla el femenino como un sustantivo neutral, correspondiente a la etapa de la vida mental del recién nacido. Conceptualiza los términos femenino, femenina, feminidad, mujer y madre con diferentes especificidades. Elabora su propio concepto en torno a lo que llamó el enigma de la vagina. La adquisición cognitiva proporcionada por el cuidador empático moldearía la mente de la niña en una fuente imaginativa de creencias que surgen del enigma de la vagina en sus propias teorías. El complejo de castración de la niña repensado.

RÉSUMÉ L'auteur aborde le féminin comme un nom neutre, correspondant au stade de la vie mentale du nouveau-né. Il conceptualise les mots : féminin, féminité, femme et mère, à partir de spécificités différentes, en élaborant son propre concept autour de ce qu'il a appelé l'énigme du vagin. L'acquisition cognitive, fournie par l'empathie du soignant, ferait de l'esprit de la jeune fille une source imaginative de croyances issue de l'énigme du vagin dans ses propres théories. Le complexe de castration de la jeune fille est aussi repensé.

Ferenczi e Freud para além do princípio do prazer: a construção das hipóteses, o debate e algumas derivações clínicas / Ferenczi and Freud beyond the pleasure principle: the construction of hypotheses, the debate and some clinical derivations / Ferenczi y Freud más allá del principio del placer: la construcción de hipótesis, el debate y algunas derivaciones clínicas / Ferenczi et Freud au-delà du principe du plaisir: la construction des hypothèses, le débat et quelques dérivations cliniques

Neste artigo pretendemos demonstrar, a partir da análise da obra de Sándor Ferenczi e de sua correspondência com Freud, como certas ideias propostas em Além do princípio do prazer prolongaram, por um lado, hipóteses antecipadas pelo psicanalista húngaro e, por outro, lhe forneceram importantes subsídios para seus derradeiros avanços clínicos.

In this article we intend to demonstrate, from the analysis of Sándor Ferenczi's work and his correspondence with Freud, as certain ideas proposed in "Beyond the pleasure principle" on the one hand, prolong hypotheses that were anticipated by the Hungarian psychoanalyst and, on the other hand, they provided him with important subsidies for his ultimate clinical advances.

En este artículo pretendemos demostrar, a partir del análisis del trabajo de Sándor Ferenczi, su trabajo y su correspondencia con Freud, cómo ciertas ideas propuestas en "Más allá del principio del placer", por un lado, prolongan las hipótesis anticipadas por el psicoanalista húngaro. Y, por otro lado, le proporcionaron importantes subsidios para sus propuestas clínicas finales.

Dans cet article, nous voulons démontrer, à partir de l'analyse du travail de Sándor Ferenczi et de sa correspondance avec Freud, comment certaines idées proposées dans « Au-delà du principe du plaisir ¼ ont prolongé, d'une part, les hypothèses anticipées par le psychanalyste hongrois et, d'autre part, elles lui ont fourni des subsides importants pour ses avancements cliniques ultimes.

Além do princípio do prazer: entre pulsões, vida e morte / Beyond the pleasure principle: between life and death drives / Más allá del principio del placer: entre pulsiones, vida y muerte / Au-delà du principe de plaisir: parmi les pulsions, la vie et la morte

O autor sustenta que o princípio do prazer não existe desde o início, mas é consequência do trabalho do objeto, cuja finalidade consiste em deslocar o sujeito do estado do desamparo para o da configuração da ausência do objeto. Ademais, o autor atribui a destrutividade ou a construção na vida psíquica e na cultura não a algo imanente às pulsões, mas ao trabalho sobre e junto a elas, do qual o objeto e a cultura são os administradores e guardiões.

The author affirms that the pleasure principle does not exist since the beginning, but it is result of the object's work. Its objective is to take the subject from the helplessness state to the absence of the object. Besides that, the author considers destructiveness or construction in psychic life and culture not inherent to life and death drives, but to the work done with them, when the object and culture are man-aged by the custodians.

El autor sostiene que el principio del placer no existe desde el inicio, es una consecuencia del trabajo del objeto, cuya finalidad consiste en dislocar al sujeto desde el estado de desamparo hacia el de la configuración de la ausencia del objeto. Además, el autor atribuye la destructividad o la construcción en la vida psíquica y en la cultura no a algo inmanente a las pulsiones, sino al trabajo acerca y sobre ellas, del cual el objeto y la cultura son administradores y guardianes.

L'auteur soutient que le principe de plaisir n'existe pas dès le début, mais qu'il est la conséquence du travail de l'objet, dont le but consiste à déplacer le sujet, de l'état de l'abandon à celui de la configuration de l'absence de l'objet. En plus, l'auteur attribue la destructivité ou la construction dans la vie psychique et dans la culture, non à quelque chose d'immanent aux pulsions, mais au travail sur et auprès d'elles, dont l'objet et la culture sont les administrateurs et les gardiens.

O que há além do princípio do prazer? / What is beyond the pleasure principle? / ¿Qué hay más allá del principio del placer? / Qu'est-ce que c'est au-delà du principe de plaisir?

Até 1919, Freud dizia que o princípio do prazer guiava o funcionamento do ser humano. Com o texto "O estranho", essa verdade começa a mudar, e é completamente reinventada em 1920, com o texto Além do princípio do prazer. É bem certo que ele sempre disse que sua teoria pulsional não estava completa, mas o que fez Freud mudar radicalmente? O que era tão forte que iria além do princípio do prazer? Essas foram as perguntas que nortearam a escrita deste texto, que representa apenas uma tentativa de apreender alguns conceitos freudianos.

Until 1919, Freud said that the pleasure principle guided the functioning of the human being. With the text "The uncanny", this truth begins to change, being completely reinvented in 1920 with the text "Beyond the pleasure principle". True, he always said that his drive theory was not complete, but what made Freud change radically? What was so strong that it would go beyond the pleasure principle? These were the questions that guided the writing of this text, which represents only an attempt to apprehend some Freudian concepts.

Hasta 1919, Freud decía que el principio del placer guiaba el funcionamiento del ser humano. Con el texto "El extraño", esta verdad comienza a cambiar, y se reinventa por completo en 1920 con el texto "Más allá del principio del placer". Es cierto que él siempre dijo que su teoría pulsional no estaba completa, pero [qué hizo que Freud cambiara radicalmente? [Qué era tan fuerte que iría más allá del principio del placer? Estas fueron las preguntas que guiaron la redacción de este texto.

Jusqu'en 1919, Freud disait que le principe du plaisir guidait le fonctionnement de l'être humain. Avec le texte « The uncanny ¼ , cette vérité commence à changer et est complètement réinventée en 1920 avec le texte « Au-delà du principe de plaisir ¼ . Certes, il a toujours dit que sa théorie de l'entraînement n'était pas complète, mais qu'est-ce qui a amené Freud à changer radicalement ? Qu'est-ce qui était si fort que cela irait au-delà du principe de plaisir ? Ce sont les questions qui ont guidé l'écriture de ce texte, qui ne représente qu'une tentative d'appréhension de certains concepts freudiens.

Maternal and infant characteristics connected to shared pleasure in dyadic interaction.

The aim of the study was to analyze which maternal factors (depressive symptoms, effect of life events, maternal sensitivity and structuring) and infant characteristics (temperament, social withdrawal symptoms, interactive behavior, genotype, gender) contribute to shared pleasure (SP) in parent-infant interaction. Participants were 113 mother-infant dyads. The mothers filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, and the Life Events Questionnaire. The dyads were videotaped in a free-play situation, and the videos were analyzed using the Alarm Distress Baby Scale and the Emotional Availability Scales. The infants were genotyped for four genes involved in emotion regulation. The occurrence and duration of SP (SP-MD) in mother-infant interactions were analyzed from the videotapes. Higher maternal sensitivity and depressive symptoms, better infant responsiveness, and the infant having the GG variant of the gene tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2 (TPH2) -307 were associated with the occurrence of SP. Lower level depressive symptoms, better maternal structuring, and greater infant involvement were associated with the longer duration of SP. Those dyads where the mother and infant were best able to read each other's positive cues and to respond to them were more likely to experience mutual positive affect, as seen in SP.

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar cuáles factores maternos (síntomas depresivos, efectos de eventos vividos, sensibilidad y estructuración maternas) y características del infante (temperamento, síntomas de despego social, comportamiento interactivo, genotipo, género sexual) contribuyen al placer compartido (SP) en la interacción progenitor-infante. En el estudio participaron 113 díadas madre-infante. Las madres completaron la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo, el Cuestionario de Comportamiento del Infante y el Cuestionario de Eventos de Vida. A las díadas se les grabó en video durante una sesión de juego libre y los videos se analizaron usando la Escala de Alarma de la Angustia del Bebé y las Escalas de Disponibilidad Emocional. A los infantes se les determinó el genotipo en el caso de cuatro genes que tienen que ver con la regulación emocional. Con base en las videograbaciones, se analizó la incidencia y duración de SP (SP-MD) en las interacciones madre-infante. Una más alta sensibilidad materna y síntomas depresivos, mejor sensibilidad por parte del infante, y el hecho de que el infante tenía la variante GG del gen TPH2 -307 se asociaron con la incidencia de SP. Síntomas depresivos de bajo nivel, una mejor estructuración materna y una mayor participación del infante se asociaron con una más larga duración de SP. Aquellas díadas en que la madre y el infante eran más capaces de comprender las señales positivas de cada uno y de responder a las mismas, estaban en mejor condición de experimentar un mutuo afecto positivo, como el que se ve en SP.

Le but de cette étude était d'analyser quels facteurs maternels (symptômes dépressifs, effet d'événements de la vie, sensibilité maternelle et structuration maternelle) et quelles caractéristiques du nourrisson (tempérament, symptômes de retrait social, comportement interactif, génotype, genre) contribuent au plaisir partagé (abrégé ici en français PP) dans l'interaction parent-nourrisson. Les participants ont consisté en 113 dyades mère-nourrisson. Les mères ont rempli l'Echelle de Dépression Postnatale d'Edinbourg, le Questionnaire du Comportement du Nourrisson, et le Questionnaire d'Evénements de la Vie. Les dyades ont été filmées à la vidéo pendant une situation de jeu libre et les vidéos ont été analysées en utilisant l'Echelle d'Alarme de Détresse du Bébé et les Echelles de Disponibilité Emotionnelle. Les nourrissons ont été génotypés pour quatre gènes impliqués dans la régulation de l'émotion. L'apparition et la durée du PP (en anglais SP-MD) dans les interactions mère-nourrisson ont été analysées à partir des vidéos. Une sensibilité maternelle plus élevée et des symptômes dépressifs, une meilleure réaction du nourrisson, le nourrisson ayant la variante GG du gène TPH2 -307 étaient liés à l'apparition du PP. Des niveaux plus bas de symptômes dépressifs, une meilleure structuration maternelle et un engagement plus important du nourrisson étaient liés à une durée plus longue du PP. Les dyades où la mère et le nourrisson étaient le plus capables de lire leurs signaux positifs réciproques et d'y répondre étaient moins à même de faire l'expérience d'une affect positif mutuel, comme on le voit dans le PP.

Effects of high-intensity interval training frequency on perceptual responses and future physical activity participation.

The effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in inducing positive physiological adaptations is well documented. However, its impact on perceptual responses and on future physical activity (PA) engagement is less evaluated. The present study aimed to examine the effects of HIIT frequency on perceptual responses, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and its influence in future PA participation. Thirty-five inactive adults were randomly assigned to a control (CON) and to 2 training groups that performed HIIT (10 × 60 s cycling, ∼83% peak power output) for 2 (HIIT-2) or 3 (HIIT-3) times per week for 8 weeks. Following the HIIT intervention, exercise enjoyment, HRQOL, and the intention to implement HIIT in the future were evaluated. Eight weeks after cessation of training, follow-up evaluations of HRQOL and PA were performed. Following the intervention, both training frequencies induced high levels of enjoyment (HIIT-2: 6.0 ± 1.1, HIIT-3: 6.0 ± 1.1, scale 1-7), improved HRQOL (HIIT-2: p = 0.040; HIIT-3: p = 0.024), and reported intention to implement HIIT in the future (HIIT-3: 100%, HIIT-2: 93% of participants). At follow-up, HIIT-3 participants reported higher completion of HIIT compared with HIIT-2 and CON (p < 0.05). Both training groups sustained improved HRQOL and increased vigorous and total PA (p < 0.05). This study showed that performing HIIT either 2 or 3 times per week is an enjoyable exercise modality that promotes a sustainable increase in habitual PA levels and improves HRQOL. Moreover, the higher training frequency resulted in greater HIIT completion in the 8-week period following the cessation of training.

[Centrifugal fruit and vegetable juicing, a resounding success]. / Les jus centrifugés, fruits de la réflexion en gériatrie.

It is essential to maintain a healthy diet adapted to every age of life, notably for the elderly. Indeed, several factors can harm this vital function. The installation of a fruit and vegetable centrifugal juicer in hospital, aside from its many benefits, was a resounding success with elderly people, their families and staff.

[Playing to carry on living]. / Jouer pour rester en vie.

New technologies have a certain benefit for elderly people. By way of an example, the Wii games console not only favours an intergenerational bond but also the reconstruction of self-esteem. Rediscovering the pleasure of playing is essential for the body and mind of senior citizens.

Melhor seria não haver nascido? / Better not to have been born? / ¿Sería mejor no haber nacido? / Le meilleur serait-ce de n'être pas né?

O autor procura pensar a questão da morte a partir do referencial psicanalítico. Argumenta que Freud cria um problema conceituai em 1920, com o conflito entre pulsão de vida e pulsão de morte, excessivamente apoiado numa lógica econômica. Lacan, por meio da ideia do inconsciente estruturado como linguagem, abre um novo percurso para a compreensão do lugar da morte na clínica e no fenômeno da transferência. O autor propõe que a morte, em psicanálise, opõe-se à palavra e ao saber, pois constitui um centro ocupado pelo silêncio, em torno do qual a vida resiste. São apresentados dois excertos de material clínico que buscam contextualizar o percurso teórico.

The author's purpose is to think about death from the psychoanalytic perspective. The author states that, in 1920,Freud created a conceptual problem by proposing the conflict between life and death drives. This problem was heavily based on an economic logic. When Lacan proposed the notion of "the unconscious structured as a language", he opened a new path for understanding the place of death in the clinical practice and in the phenomenon of transference. According to the author of this paper, in Psychoanalysis, death opposes both word and knowledge, because death constitutes a center that is filled with silence; a center around which life resists. The author presents two clinical vignettes in order to contextualize the theoretical path.

El autor propone pensar en el tema de la muerte desde el marco psicoanalítico. Argumenta que Freud crea un problema conceptual en 1920, al proponer el conflicto entre el instinto de vida y el instinto de muerte, apoyado excesivamente por una lógica económica. Lacan, al proponer el inconsciente estructurado como lenguaje, abre un nuevo rumbo para comprender el lugar de la muerte en la clínica y en el fenómeno de la transferencia. El autor propone que la muerte, en el psicoanálisis, se opone a la palabra y al conocimiento, ya que constituye un centro ocupado por el silencio, alrededor del cual resiste la vida. Se presentan dos extractos de material clínico para contextualizar el curso teórico.

L'auteur propose penser la question de la mort à partir du référentiel psychanalytique. Il argumente que Freud crée un problème conceptuel en 1920, en proposant le conflit entre pulsion de vie et pulsion de mort, trop appuyé sur une logique économique. Lacan, en proposant l'inconscient structuré comme langage, ouvre un nouveau parcours pour la compréhension du lieu de la mort dans la clinique et dans le phénomène du transfert. L'auteur propose que la mort, en psychanalyse, s'oppose à la parole et au savoir, vu qu'elle constitue un centre occupé par le silence, au tour duquel la vie résiste. On présente deux extraits de matériel clinique qui cherchent contextualiser le parcours théorique.

Exploration of mental health of health students: Dental and medical formations promote anhedonia.

OBJECTIVES: Health students usually report to experience stress during their formation. This is due to their exposure to patient's disease or death, to their learning of interpersonal relationships, and to the discovery of health practitioner's responsibility. Anhedonia represents a deficit in experiencing pleasure that is promoted by stressful living conditions. We hypothesized that health formations promote anhedonia. Our objectives have consisted in measuring anhedonia and analyzing its variation and heterogeneity among health students. METHODS: The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) was used to assess anhedonia and its anticipatory and consummatory dimensions. TEPS corresponds to an 18-item questionnaire, the score of which is based on a 6-point Likert scale. Low score indicates a high anhedonia propensity. Score differences were analyzed by considering gender, curriculum and formation as independent variables. A cluster analysis was used to explore anhedonia heterogeneity among our sample. RESULTS: We collected 1231 responses. Our data confirm French TEPS as a reliable tool for anhedonia evaluation in dental and medical students. Statistical analyses reveal a significant effect of gender (male>female), curriculum (clinical>preclinical) and formation (dental>medical) on anhedonia propensity. Cluster analysis highlights four sub-groups of students characterized by increasing anhedonia traits and by different gender, formation and curriculum proportions. CONCLUSION: This work describes the first analysis of anhedonia manifestation during dental and medical studies in France. The consequences of our findings for the comprehension of dental and medical students' mental health during their formation are discussed.

Modified sprint interval training protocols: physiological and psychological responses to 4 weeks of training.

Sprint interval training (SIT) protocols involving brief (≤15 s) work bouts improve aerobic and anaerobic performance, highlighting peak speed generation as a potentially important adaptive stimulus. To determine the physiological and psychological effects of reducing the SIT work bout duration, while maintaining total exercise and recovery time, 43 healthy males (n = 27) and females (n = 16) trained for 4 weeks (3 times/week) using one of the following running SIT protocols: (i) 30:240 (n = 11; 4-6 × 30-s bouts, 4 min rest); (ii) 15:120 (n = 11; 8-12 × 15-s bouts, 2 min rest); (iii) 5:40 (n = 12; 24-36 × 5-s bouts, 40 s rest); or (iv) served as a nonexercising control (n = 9). Protocols were matched for total work (2-3 min) and rest (16-24 min) durations, as well as the work-to-rest ratio (1:8 s). Pre- and post-training measures included a graded maximal oxygen consumption test, a 5-km time trial, and a 30-s maximal sprint test. Self-efficacy, enjoyment, and intentions were assessed following the last training session. Training improved maximal oxygen consumption (5.5%; P = 0.006) and time-trial performance (5.2%; P = 0.039), with a main effect of time for peak speed (1.7%; P = 0.042), time to peak speed (25%; P < 0.001), and body fat percentage (1.4%; P < 0.001) that appeared to be driven by the training. There were no group effects for self-efficacy (P = 0.926), enjoyment (P = 0.249), or intentions to perform SIT 3 (P = 0.533) or 5 (P = 0.951) times/week. This study effectively demonstrated that the repeated generation of peak speed during brief SIT work bouts sufficiently stimulates adaptive mechanisms promoting increases in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

O espaço para o scholé no mundo acadêmico / The space for scholé in the academic world / El espacio para scholé en el mundo académico / L'espace pour scholé dans le monde académique

Envolto às lógicas gerencialista, produtivista e mercadológica, a academia aprofunda suas próprias contradições que a definem. A partir desse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo teórico é o de discutir de maneira crítica, as relações de trabalho no mundo acadêmico a partir de dimensões como: o espaço para o ócio na visão grega (scholé), o desprazer e o prazer. Constata-se que é fundamental conceber as duas últimas dimensões de maneira imbricada com a primeira para que exista uma reflexão crítica a respeito das atividades que envolvem o trabalho docente no ensino superior. Caso contrário, pouca atenção será ofertada para a construção de mecanismos de trabalho emancipatórios, oriundos da conduta individual e coletiva, que ajudam a renovar a relação do sujeito com o trabalho. É necessário, portanto, o resgate do espaço do scholé enquanto valor, não para fins instrumentais, mas humanos, ligado à alteridade nas relações do professor, visando transformar a realidade social, por intermédio seja do ensino, seja da pesquisa e/ou da extensão.

Within the realm of management, productivity and marketing logic, academia deepens the contradictions that define it. In this sense, the goal of this theoretical article is to critically discuss labor relations in the academic world as it pertains to leisure, in the Greek sense (scholé), displeasure and pleasure. It is important to conceive these latter two concepts arranged with the first as a critical reflection of the role of the professor in higher education. Otherwise, little attention will be paid to the construction of emancipatory mechanisms of work derived from individual and collective conduct that help renew the relationship of the individual to the work. Ultimately, it is necessary to value this scholé space, not as instrumental purposes, but as a human condition of professional relationships in order to broaden a social reality extended through instruction and research.

Envuelta de lógica empresarial, productivista y mercadológica, la academia profundiza sus propias contradicciones que la definen. A partir de este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo teórico es discutir, de manera crítica, las relaciones laborales en el mundo académico a partir de dimensiones, como espacio para el ocio en la visión griega (scholé), el desagrado y el placer . Podemos constatar que es fundamental concebir las dos últimas dimensiones de manera entrelazada con la primera por lo que hay una reflexión crítica sobre las actividades que implican el trabajo de los profesores en la educación superior. De lo contrario, se le ofrecerá poca atención a la construcción de mecanismos de trabajo emancipatorios que resultan de la conducta individual y colectiva que ayudan a renovar la relación del individuo con su trabajo. Por tanto, es necesario rescatar el espacio de scholé como un valor, no con fines instrumentales, pero humanos, conectado a la alteridad en las relaciones de los profesores destinados a la transformación de la realidad social, a través de la educación, la investigación y/o extensión de proyectos sociales.

Entouré des logiques managériale, productiviste et marchande, le monde universitaire approfondit ses propres contradictions qui le définissent. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cet article théorique est de discuter, de façon critique, les relations de travail dans le monde académique en se basant sur des dimensions telles que : l'espace pour l'oisiveté selon l'optique grecque (scholé), le déplaisir et le plaisir. On peut constater qu'il est essentiel de concevoir les deux dernières dimensions de façon imbriquée avec la première afin qu'il y ait une réflexion critique sur les activités impliquant le métier du professeur dans l'enseignement supérieur. Dans le cas contraire, peu d'attention sera offert pour la construction de mécanismes de travail émancipateurs résultant de la conduite individuelle et collective qui contribuent à renouveler la relation du sujet avec le travail. Il est donc nécessaire de rétablir l'espace du scholé en tant que valeur, non à des fins instrumentales, mais humaines, connecté à l'altérité dans les relations du professeur visant à transformer la réalité sociale soit par l'éducation, la recherche et/ou l'extension de projets sociaux.

['Eating with fingers' in a care home for patients with behavioural disorders]. / Le "manger mains" en unité d'hébergement renforcée.

Eating independently while rediscovering the pleasure of food in terms of quality and quantity, despite severe pathologies and behavioural disorders, was the basis of a 2013 project to introduce the innovative concept of eating finger foods, at Nancy regional hospital. The experiment proved to be both pertinent and positive.

[When addiction is revealed in old age]. / Vieillesse, quand les "accrocs" révèlent les accros.

The representations we have of old age are sometimes far from reality. An addiction may be discovered by chance late on, delaying diagnosis and treatment. A desire to change can be encouraged through expression, listening and analysing current behaviour.

The Diabeates Project: Perceptual, Affective and Psychophysiological Effects of Music and Music-Video in a Clinical Exercise Setting.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music and music-video on perceptual (attentional focus, rated perceived exertion), affective (affective valence and enjoyment) and psychophysiological (blood glucose, heart rate) variables in outpatients attending a diabetes exercise clinic. METHODS: Participants were 24 females (age = 66.0 ± 8.5 years) enrolled in a supervised exercise program for people with diabetes. They engaged in mixed-modality exercise sessions that included a standardized combination of flexibility, aerobic and resistance activities under conditions of music, music-video and control. RESULTS: Analyses revealed a main effect of condition on attentional focus and affect during aerobic exercise only. The music-video condition elicited the highest level of attentional dissociation, while affective valence was more positive in the 2 experimental conditions when compared to control. Rated perceived exertion and heart rate did not differ across conditions. Measures of exercise enjoyment indicated a main effect of condition wherein scores were higher with the music-video condition when compared to control. There was an acute glucose-lowering effect of exercise in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Results lend support to the notion that auditory and visual stimuli can enhance affective responses to exercise in a clinical setting. This may have meaningful implications for adherence, given the link between affective judgements and future behaviour in an exercise context.